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Optic neuritis can directly reduce retinal nerve fiber layer (\n RNFL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) thickness. Our objectives were to evaluate associations of the\n RNFL<\/jats:styled-content>\n thickness (\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients with magnetic resonance imaging (\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) measures of regional brain atrophy and tissue injury in the post\u2010chiasmatic deep gray matter (\n GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) section of the visual pathway.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography (\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in 96 relapsing\u2212remitting\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) patients and 46 controls.\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was obtained within \u00b13\u00a0months of\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n associations with\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n measures from diffusion tensor imaging and regional and tissue specific atrophy were assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , lower\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with lower white matter volume and lower whole brain volume. Lower\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with lower total deep gray matter volume and lower thalamus volume. Lower\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with greater mean diffusivity (\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in normal appearing (\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) brain tissue and\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n gray matter. Trends were found for lower\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n with greater\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n white matter and thalamus.\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n in controls was not associated with\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Lower\n RNFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n is associated with microscopic tissue injury in\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n regions of the brain and with neurodegeneration of the deep gray matter and thalamus in\n RR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T03:46:47Z","timestamp":1398829607000},"page":"1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and thalamus pathology in multiple sclerosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Zivadinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bergsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"},{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Laboratory IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Cappellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hagemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Melia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Carl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology State University of New York Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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