{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:16:15Z","timestamp":1791944175867,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Funds of the Gottfried Julia Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation"},{"name":"Research Funds of the Scientific Society of Basel"},{"name":"Research Funds of the University of Basel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Status epilepticus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) refractory to first\u2010 and second\u2010line antiepileptic drugs carries high mortality. Little is known on early prediction of refractory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2013 an essential tool for planning appropriate therapy. Our aim was to identify and validate independent early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content> predictors in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and laboratory data on consecutive intensive care unit patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> from two academic care centers (a derivation data set from a Swiss center and a validation data set from a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> center) were assessed. Multivariable analysis was performed with the derivation set to identify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content> predictors at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> onset. Their external validity was evaluated with an independent validation set. Measures of calibration and discrimination were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 302 patients were analyzed (138 with and 164 without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content>), 171 in the derivation data set and 131 in the validation data set. Acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> etiology, coma\/stupor and serum albumin &lt;35\u00a0g\/l at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> onset were independent predictors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content> in the derivation data set [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a02.02, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.01\u20134.07; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a04.83, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.42\u20139.68; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a02.45, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.16\u20135.16]. The prediction model showed good measures of calibration (Hosmer\u2013Lemesow goodness\u2010of\u2010fit test <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.99) and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve\u00a00.8) on the derivation data set\u00a0\u2010\u00a0results that were similar in the validation data set (Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.24; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.73).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirms the independent prognostic value of readily available parameters for early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content> prediction. Prospective studies are needed to identify additional robust predictors, which could be added to the proposed model for further optimization towards a reliable prediction scoring system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T14:03:44Z","timestamp":1407420224000},"page":"79-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Early predictors of refractory status epilepticus: an international two\u2010center study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Sutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurophysiology Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. W.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Marsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Hammel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"R\u00fcegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurophysiology Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. C.","family":"Ziai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience Critical Care Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.041947"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318287f2ac"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0989-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829eca06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(00)00238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182591ff1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9695-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Richtlinien zur Behandlung des Status epilepticus","volume":"86","author":"Leppert D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schweiz \u00c4rztetzeitung"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80106-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.18.1477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.474569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90667-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(06)81007-X"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fene.12531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.12531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T22:42:33Z","timestamp":1695508953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.12531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.12531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.12531","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}