{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:03:01Z","timestamp":1792213381255,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose was to perform a systematic review of studies on central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis [forms of osmotic demyelination syndrome (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )] and define the spectrum of causes, risk factors, clinical and radiological presentations, and functional outcomes of this disorder. A thorough search of the literature was conducted using multiple databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline and Google) and bibliographies of key articles to identify all case series of adult patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    published from 1959 to January 2013. Only series with five or more cases published in English were considered. Of the 2602 articles identified, 38 case series were included comprising a total of 541 patients who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The most common predisposing factor was hyponatremia (78%) and the most common presentation was encephalopathy (39%). Favorable recovery occurred in 51.9% of patients and death in 24.8%. Liver transplant patients with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had a combined rate of death and disability of 77.4%, compared with 44.7% in those without liver transplantation (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is found to have a good recovery in more than half of cases and its mortality has decreased with each passing decade. Favorable prognosis is possible in patients of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , even with severe neurological presentation. Further research is required to confirm the differences found in liver transplant recipients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T03:14:11Z","timestamp":1410750851000},"page":"1443-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":272,"title":["Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"T. D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Fugate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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