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One reason could be that these disorders share structural correlates, such as white matter lesions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>s) and cortical atrophy. No study has examined whether these lesions precede both dementia and depression independently of each other in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>s and cortical atrophy on computed tomography predict dementia and depression was investigated in a population\u2010based sample of 70\u2010year\u2010olds (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>380) followed over 10\u00a0years. Exclusion criteria were dementia, major depression, history of stroke and a Mini\u2010Mental State Examination score below 26 at baseline in 2000\u20132001. Dementia was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised, and depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Primary outcomes included dementia and major depression at 10\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusted logistic regression models, including both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>s and temporal lobe atrophy, showed that moderate to severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>s [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 3.96, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.23\u201312.76] and temporal lobe atrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.93, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.13\u20137.60) predicted dementia during a 10\u2010year follow\u2010up independently of major depression. Similarly, both moderate to severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.84, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.25\u201311.76) and temporal lobe atrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.52, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.06\u20135.96) predicted depression even after controlling for incident dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>White matter lesions and temporal lobe atrophy preceded 10\u2010year incidence of both dementia and depression in 70\u2010year\u2010olds. Shared structural correlates could explain the reported associations between dementia and depression. These brain changes may represent independent and complementary pathways to dementia and depression. Strategies to slow progression of vascular pathology and neurodegeneration could indirectly prevent both dementia and depression in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]],"date-time":"2015-01-19T04:23:41Z","timestamp":1421641421000},"page":"781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["White matter lesions and temporal lobe atrophy related to incidence of both dementia and major depression in 70\u2010year\u2010olds followed over 10\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Gudmundsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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