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Conscription examination records were linked with other national register data. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate associations with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> subsequent to the conscription examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> were less likely to be from more crowded households in childhood (&gt;two persons per room) with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.51\u20130.86, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023). They had lower physical working capacity in adolescence with adjusted odds ratio of 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.89\u20130.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026). Cognitive function and stress resilience scores displayed no significant differences between cases and controls. Parental occupation in childhood and body mass index in adolescence were not associated with future <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk. The inverse association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk with higher levels of household crowding may reflect environmental factors such as the pattern of exposure to microorganisms. Lower physical fitness in men at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk may indicate a protective effect of exercise or could be due to prodromal disease activity, although there was no association with cognitive function. Poor psychological stress resilience (and thus risk of chronic stress arousal) was not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T09:17:24Z","timestamp":1430126244000},"page":"1131-1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characteristics in childhood and adolescence associated with future multiple sclerosis risk in men: cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Udumyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bahmanyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Nilsag\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and\u00a0Health Medicine \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000294325.63006.f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70041-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.08.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"S134","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in time and space\u2013geographic clues to cause","volume":"6","author":"Kurtzke JF","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512449682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130496.51156.D7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513483888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d6e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b59c40"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512436596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081305.66687.D2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512448108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514528761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821d74c5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31824c2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"The National Patient Register. 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