{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:04:14Z","timestamp":1783951454084,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,13]],"date-time":"2015-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Corticobasal syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a clinical entity characterized by higher cortical dysfunctions associated with asymmetric onset of levodopa\u2010resistant parkinsonism, dystonia and myoclonus. One of the most typical and distressful features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBS<\/jats:styled-content> is limb apraxia, which affects patients in their everyday life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a non\u2010invasive procedure of cortical stimulation, which represents a promising tool for cognitive enhancement and neurorehabilitation. The present study investigated whether anodal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> over the parietal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARC<\/jats:styled-content>), would improve ideomotor upper limb apraxia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen patients with possible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBS<\/jats:styled-content> and upper limb apraxia were enrolled. Each patient underwent two sessions of anodal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> (left and right <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARC<\/jats:styled-content>) and one session of placebo <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Ideomotor upper limb apraxia was assessed using the De Renzi ideomotor apraxia test that is performed only on imitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant improvement of the De Renzi ideomotor apraxia test scores (post\u2010stimulation versus pre\u2010stimulation) after active anodal stimulation over the left <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARC<\/jats:styled-content> was observed (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a017.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0005), whilst no significant effect was noticed after active anodal stimulation over the right <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a07.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.07). A <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis revealed a selective improvement in the De Renzi ideomotor apraxia score after active anodal stimulation over the left <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARC<\/jats:styled-content> compared with placebo stimulation considering both right (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and left upper limbs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARC<\/jats:styled-content> improves the performance of an ideomotor apraxia test in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients and might represent a promising tool for future rehabilitation approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,13]],"date-time":"2015-06-13T08:09:13Z","timestamp":1434182953000},"page":"1317-1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Left parietal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation enhances gesture processing in corticobasal syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cosseddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cotelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Unit IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Manenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Unit IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Unit IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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