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This prospective study aimed to compare cognitive performances between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> mimics before and after cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) tapping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 57 patients with suspicion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> (75.84\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.42\u00a0years; 39% female) were included in this study (37 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> and 20 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> mimics). Neuropsychological assessments were performed before and 24\u00a0h after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> tapping of 40\u00a0ml. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> and cognitive functions, adjusted for age, education, baseline cognitive assessment and disease duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups presented the same baseline cognitive performances. After <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> tapping, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> patients improved their semantic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and phonemic verbal fluencies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> mimics presented similar performances to before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> tapping. The phonemic verbal fluency (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.05; 1.96) and the Color Trails Test (odds ratio 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.01; 0.76) improvements were the two discriminative cognitive tests that identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> mimics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvement in executive subfunctions after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> tapping identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content> patients from other neurological conditions that mimic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings respond to clinical issues encountered on a daily basis and would improve the diagnostic process of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNPH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T12:33:20Z","timestamp":1436963600000},"page":"1533-1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Improvement in executive subfunctions following cerebrospinal fluid tap test identifies idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from its mimics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Laidet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Neurology Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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