{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:46:48Z","timestamp":1773298008607,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital Fund"},{"name":"SK Chemicals"},{"name":"Life Science Biz. Co. Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is known that underlying diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) can affect the clinical and electrophysiological pattern of coexisting peripheral neuropathies of other etiologies. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of underlying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> on the clinical and electrophysiological features of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>) and on the prognosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> with regard to functional outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study prospectively included 27 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>+) and 58 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212) from two university\u2010based hospitals. The clinical and electrophysiological findings were compared between the two groups. The functional outcomes were quantified by measuring the Hughes grade, whose values were compared between the groups at 3 months after symptom onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All three sudden deaths that occurred during the acute stage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>+ patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>+ patients had a tendency toward more frequent sensory involvement, and specific electrophysiological patterns and calculated indices disclosed a distal accentuation of conduction abnormalities in these patients. In addition, multivariate analysis identified history of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 10.057, 95% confidence interval 2.057\u221249.164, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio 9.049, 95% confidence interval 2.152\u221238.044, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) as independent factors for poor functional outcome at 3 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> exacerbates the clinical and electrophysiological features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> and influences long\u2010term disability. Both chronic inflammation and nerve ischaemia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> may intervene in the disease course of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>, which is a prototype of acute inflammatory neuropathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T06:24:43Z","timestamp":1446099883000},"page":"439-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Diabetes mellitus exacerbates the clinical and electrophysiological features of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"J. 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