{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:14:16Z","timestamp":1787735656199,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund - Project St Anne\u2032s University Hospital"},{"name":"Brno \u2212 International Clinical Research Center","award":["CZ.1.05\/1.1.00\/02.0123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.1.05\/1.1.00\/02.0123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"Background and purpose<\/jats:title>The diagnostic utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (IS<\/jats:styled-content>) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA<\/jats:styled-content>) remains controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was performed according to PRISMA<\/jats:styled-content> guidelines to estimate the pooled prevalence of potential cardioembolic causes detected by TEE<\/jats:styled-content> in prospective observational studies of cryptogenic IS<\/jats:styled-content>\/TIA<\/jats:styled-content>. Cardiac conditions causally associated with cerebral ischaemia were considered to be intramural thrombi and intracardiac tumors according to ASCO<\/jats:styled-content> phenotyping of IS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Thirty\u2010five eligible studies, comprising 5772 patients (mean age 53.6 years, 56.9% men) were identified. The most common TEE<\/jats:styled-content> finding was ascending aorta and\/or aortic arch atheroma [51.2% (27.4%\u201374.5%)], followed by patent foramen ovale (PFO<\/jats:styled-content>) [43.2% (36.3%\u201350.4%)]. Complex aortic plaques and large PFO<\/jats:styled-content>s were reported in 14% (10.2%\u201318.9%) and 19.5% (16.6%\u201322.8%) of TEE<\/jats:styled-content> evaluations. The prevalence of atrial septal aneurysm was 12.3% (7.9%\u201318.7%) and was significantly higher in conjunction with PFO<\/jats:styled-content> presence (risk ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.63\u20132.54, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). The prevalence of left atrial thrombus [3.0% (1.1%\u20138.3%)] and spontaneous echo contrast [3.8% (2.3%\u20136.2%)] was low. The prevalence of intracardiac tumors was extremely uncommon [0.2% (0%\u20130.7%)]. Significant heterogeneity was identified (I<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup> > 60%) in the majority of analyses. Heterogeneity was not affected by cryptogenic stroke definition (TOAST<\/jats:styled-content> versus alternative criteria). After dichotomizing available studies using a cut\u2010off of 50 years, PFO<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly (P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) more prevalent in younger than in older patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Routine TEE<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with cryptogenic IS<\/jats:styled-content>\/TIA<\/jats:styled-content> commonly identifies abnormal findings. However, the prevalence of cardiac conditions considered to be causally associated with cerebral ischaemia (intracardiac thrombi and tumors) is low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T10:54:36Z","timestamp":1447930476000},"page":"569-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with cryptogenic cerebral ischaemia: a meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"A. 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