{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T04:53:22Z","timestamp":1770526402753,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]],"date-time":"2015-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential diagnosis of sporadic inclusion body myositis (s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>) and polymyositis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>)\/dermatomyositis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) is difficult and can affect proper disease management. Detection of heterogeneous muscular involvement in s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content> by muscle sonography could be a unique diagnostic feature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sonography of the lower leg and forearm was performed in patients with s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> PM<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> and control subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11 each). Echo intensities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EI<\/jats:styled-content>s) of the adjacent muscles [medial head of the gastrocnemius versus soleus and the flexor digitorum profundus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDP<\/jats:styled-content>) versus flexor carpi ulnaris (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FCU<\/jats:styled-content>)] were scored by three blinded raters. The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EI<\/jats:styled-content>s of these muscles were compared using computer\u2010assisted histogram analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both evaluation methods showed high echoic signals in the gastrocnemius of patients with s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EI<\/jats:styled-content>s were significantly different between the gastrocnemius and soleus in patients with s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content>, but not in those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> and the controls. In the forearm, although the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EI<\/jats:styled-content> of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDP<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in the s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the other groups, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EI<\/jats:styled-content> differences between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FCU<\/jats:styled-content> did not differ significantly between disease groups. The difference in area under the curves to differentiate between s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> was greatest between the gastrocnemius\u2212soleus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EI<\/jats:styled-content>s (0.843; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High echoic signals in the medial gastrocnemius compared with those of the soleus are suggestive of s\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBM<\/jats:styled-content> over <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,26]],"date-time":"2015-12-26T07:24:43Z","timestamp":1451114683000},"page":"588-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Intramuscular dissociation of echogenicity in the triceps surae characterizes sporadic inclusion body myositis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Nodera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tokushima University Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tokushima University Tokushima Japan"},{"name":"Vihara Hananosato Hospital Miyoshi 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