{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:41:25Z","timestamp":1793256085167,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Research in Neurology"},{"name":"Else og Mogens Wedell-Wedellsborg Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of chitinases and chitinase\u2010like proteins in multiple sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>) is currently unknown; however, cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) levels of chitinase 3\u2010like 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L1) predict prognosis in early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>. Whether this applies to other chitinases and chitinase\u2010like proteins is yet to be established. Our objective was to investigate the potential of chitinase 3\u2010like 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2) and chitotriosidase as prognostic biomarkers in optic neuritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content>) as the first demyelinating episode and to evaluate the ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2 to predict long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk and disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a prospective cohort of 73 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content> as a first demyelinating episode and 26 age\u2010matched healthy controls levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2 and chitotriosidase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> were explored by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Associations with magnetic resonance imaging white matter lesions, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> oligoclonal bands, immunoglobulin G index and leukocyte count were investigated. Long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk and disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite components) were examined in a retrospective cohort of 78 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content> as the first demyelinating episode (mean follow\u2010up 14 years). The predictive ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2 was compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2 and chitotriosidase were significantly elevated in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content> and were associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk measures. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2 levels predicted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> development after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content> (hazard ratio 1.95, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.00039, Cox regression) and cognitive impairment by the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0357, linear regression) at follow\u2010up. In a multivariate analysis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> risk, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L2 performed better than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHI<\/jats:styled-content>3L1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHI3L2 and chitotriosidase are promising biomarkers in patients with a first demyelinating episode. Our findings thus support a role for these proteins as biomarkers in early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T15:48:16Z","timestamp":1455292096000},"page":"898-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid chitinase\u20103\u2010like 2 and chitotriosidase are potential prognostic biomarkers in early multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"M\u00f8llgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Clinic Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Glostrup Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Degn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Clinic Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Glostrup Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostics Rigshospitalet Glostrup Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Sellebjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish MS Research Centre Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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