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It is in general paresis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>), which is the major late form of neurosyphilis, that cognitive impairment frequently occurs. The association between lipid metabolism and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, serum lipids were studied in 188 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> patients, in 241 syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis and in 539 healthy controls. The Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content>) was tested in all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Thirty\u2010five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> patients had a follow\u2010up evaluation 3 months after penicillin treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly lower apolipoprotein A\u2010I (apoA\u2010I) levels were found in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> and in syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis compared to controls. In the 25\u201344\u2010year\u2010old groups, the male syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis had lower serum apoA\u2010I levels and higher apolipoprotein B (apoB)\/apoA\u2010I ratios compared with female patients. A follow\u2010up evaluation of 35 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> patients 3 months after penicillin treatment showed a significant positive correlation between increased apoA\u2010I levels and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content> scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal apoA\u2010I metabolism may be associated with the decline of cognitive performance. Long\u2010term decrease of apoA\u2010I level and higher apoB\/apoA\u2010I ratio may be contributing factors in syphilitic dementia. These results suggest a similar overlap between syphilitic dementia and lipid metabolism to that occurring in Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T13:45:00Z","timestamp":1468503900000},"page":"1541-1547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Syphilitic dementia and lipid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. 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