{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:31:45Z","timestamp":1791304305650,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify the relevance of titres of IgG antibodies against contactin\u2010associated protein\u20102 (CASPR2) in diagnosing anti\u2010CASPR2 encephalitis and to describe features and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of 64 patients with CASPR2 antibodies, categorized independently as \u2018autoimmune encephalitis\u2019 or \u2018other disease\u2019. Logistic regression methods were performed to identify potential predictors of \u2018autoimmune encephalitis\u2019 in addition to CASPR2 antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An upfront CASPR2 antibody serum titre cut\u2010off at \u22651:200 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 81%. Logistic regression analyses indicated that, in addition to titre, encephalitic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was a significant predictor of \u2018autoimmune encephalitis\u2019 (Nagelkerke's <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.81, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) with high sensitivity (84%) and very high specificity (100%). Patients with CASPR2 antibodies and an estimated probability of &gt;70% of having anti\u2010CASPR2 encephalitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 22) had limbic encephalitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18, one patient plus ataxia), Morvan syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2) or a hyperkinetic movement disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2). Median modified Rankin score (mRS) at diagnosis was 3 (range 1\u20134). Twenty patients were male; median age was 64 (range 54\u201375) years; 5\/15 patients with cerebrospinal fluid data had intrathecal CASPR2 antibody synthesis, and 12\/19 with follow\u2010ups &gt;3 months (median 12 months, range 4\u201343 months) improved by \u22651 mRS point resulting in a median mRS of 2 (range 0\u20136; one death; all but one having received immunotherapy); and 2\/15 patients with follow\u2010up MRI developed hippocampal atrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only higher CASPR2 serum antibody titres indicate anti\u2010CASPR2 encephalitis, and diagnostic accuracy increases if MRI findings are considered. Anti\u2010CASPR2 encephalitis has characteristic features and a favourable outcome with immunotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T10:12:39Z","timestamp":1477563159000},"page":"175-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Anti\u2010contactin\u2010associated protein\u20102 encephalitis: relevance of antibody titres, presentation and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"C. G.","family":"Bien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Bethel Krankenhaus Mara Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Mirzadjanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Bethel Krankenhaus Mara Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology 2nd Neurological Department General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenh\u00fcgel Sigmund Freud University Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Onugoren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Bethel Krankenhaus Mara Bielefeld Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Grunwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Epilepsy Center Clinic Lengg and Department of Neurology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Holtkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy\u2010Center Berlin\u2010Brandenburg Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Isenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Center for Research in Clinical Medicine (CCM) HELIOS\u2010Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Wuppertal University of Witten\/Herdecke Wuppertal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nordwest\u2010Krankenhaus Sanderbusch Sande"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Klinikum Augsburg Augsburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Riepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry II Ulm University at Bezirkskrankenhaus G\u00fcnzburg Mental Health &amp; Old Age Psychiatry G\u00fcnzburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. R.","family":"Sch\u00e4bitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"von Oertzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology 1 Neuromed Campus Kepler Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"von Podewils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Rauschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner\u2010Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders Danube Hospital\/Donauspital Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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