{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:03:09Z","timestamp":1787875389550,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015R1D1A1A01058360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1D1A1A01058360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence suggests the presence of demyelination in the normal\u2010appearing white matter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAWM<\/jats:styled-content>) of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content>). The objective was to determine the presence of subclinical demyelination in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAWM<\/jats:styled-content> of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content> using myelin water imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole brain and regions\u2010of\u2010interest (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content>s) analyses, including the centrum semiovale, corona radiata, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and optic radiation, were conducted in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAWM<\/jats:styled-content> of 28 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 18 healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s) using two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWI<\/jats:styled-content> modalities: conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWI<\/jats:styled-content> and direct visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (Vi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>a) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional myelin water fractions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content>s) of the global <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAWM<\/jats:styled-content> and three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content>s (centrum semiovale, corona radiata, and genu of the corpus callosum) were slightly lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s, although not statistically significant. On the other hand, Vi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content> values of the global <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAWM<\/jats:styled-content> and all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content>s except the genu of the corpus callosum were significantly lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content> patients relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s. In particular, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content> in the optic radiation was significantly reduced in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content> patients relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWI<\/jats:styled-content> methods, even in patients who had no brain involvement. Additionally, patients with optic neuritis showed lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content> than patients without optic neuritis and a negative correlation was identified between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content> of the optic radiation and visual functional system score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study identified the presence of widespread demyelination in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAWM<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMOSD<\/jats:styled-content> patients and highlighted the optic radiation as a site of marked demyelination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T06:28:48Z","timestamp":1487917728000},"page":"652-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Normal\u2010appearing white matter demyelination in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"I. 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