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CSF<\/jats:styled-content> tau and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L concentrations were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma tau and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L concentrations were measured using ultra\u2010sensitive single molecule array technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Plasma and CSF<\/jats:styled-content> tau (R<\/jats:italic> = 0.59, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001) and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L (R<\/jats:italic> = 0.69, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001) levels correlated significantly (Spearman test). Plasma tau and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L levels were significantly higher in all disease groups compared to healthy controls (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used and area under the curve values for comparisons with controls were 0.82 (AD<\/jats:styled-content>), 0.94 (sporadic CJD<\/jats:styled-content>), 0.92 (genetic CJD<\/jats:styled-content>) and 0.83 (other neurological disorders) for plasma tau and 0.99, 0.99, 1.00 and 0.96 for plasma NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L, respectively. Molecular subtyping of sporadic CJD<\/jats:styled-content> showed a strong effect (linear logistic regression) on plasma tau (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001) but not NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L levels (P<\/jats:italic> = 0.19).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Plasma tau and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L concentrations are strongly increased in CJD<\/jats:styled-content> and show similar diagnostic performance to the corresponding CSF<\/jats:styled-content> measure. Molecular subtypes of sporadic CJD<\/jats:styled-content> show different levels of plasma tau. Although not disease\u2010specific, these findings support the use of plasma tau and NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L as tools to identify, or to rule out, neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T07:43:28Z","timestamp":1502955808000},"page":"1326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tau and neurofilament concentrations in rapidly progressive neurological syndromes: a neuropathology\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. 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