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Although the exact mechanisms and biology of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>are not fully understood, it is a safe and well\u2010tolerated therapy for many refractory cases of neuropsychiatric disease. Increasingly,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>has been explored in other conditions with encouraging results. In this paper, available data is reviewed and new<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>targets, challenges and future directions in neurological disorders are explored. A detailed search of the medical literature discussing the potential use of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>for neurological disorders excluding accepted indications was conducted. All reports were analyzed individually for content and redundant articles were excluded by examining individual abstracts. The level of evidence for each indication was summarized. Multiple studies report promising preliminary data regarding the safety and efficacy of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>for a variety of neurological indications including chronic pain, tinnitus, epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, Huntington's disease, tardive dyskinesia and Alzheimer's disease. The initial results of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>studies for diverse neurological disorders are encouraging but larger, controlled, prospective, homogeneous clinical trials are necessary to establish long\u2010term safety and effectiveness. The field of neuromodulation continues to evolve and advances in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>technology, stereotactic techniques, neuroimaging and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>programming capabilities are shaping the present and future of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>research and use in practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T14:48:16Z","timestamp":1513781296000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Potential indications for deep brain stimulation in neurological disorders: an evolving field"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Budman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Albany Medical College Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Martinez\u2010Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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