{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:09:59Z","timestamp":1782468599108,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20141830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20141830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADEM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare demyelinating syndrome that is different from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to describe the disease course, treatment response and outcome of children with ADEM\u2010ON.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children of &lt;18\u00a0years of age were identified from six countries of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> Paediatric Demyelinating Disease Consortium. Patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADEM<\/jats:styled-content> followed by at least one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content>. Anti\u2010myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were tested in all patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study of 17 patients (nine boys) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADEM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content>, anti\u2010myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were identified in 16 patients. Age at onset was 6.1\u00a0years (interquartile range, 5.1\u20139.2\u00a0years). Twelve patients received oral prednisolone and 10 received maintenance immunosuppression (e.g. azathioprine, intravenous immunoglobulins, Rituximab). During a follow\u2010up of 5.3\u00a0years (interquartile range, 1.8\u201310.2\u00a0years), 54 relapses occurred with a median of 3 relapses per patient (range, 1\u20139 per patient). Patients relapsed on all treatments but no relapses occurred on a prednisolone dose &gt;10\u00a0mg\/day. Visual and cognitive residual deficits were common in this group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis is an anti\u2010MOG antibody\u2010associated relapsing disorder that can have a heterogeneous disease course. Patients were refractory for maintenance immunosuppression and appeared to be corticosteroid\u2010dependent. Further international collaborations are now required to unify guidelines in this difficult\u2010to\u2010manage group of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T14:54:02Z","timestamp":1518620042000},"page":"782-786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Paediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis: disease course, treatment response and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. Y. M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hacohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroinflammation Queen Square MS Centre UCL Institute of Neurology London"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Armangue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Program IDIBAPS\u2013Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2013Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona"},{"name":"Paediatric Neuroimmunology Unit Service of Neurology Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Children's Hospital Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wassmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Birmingham Children's Hospital Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Verhelst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Neurology Department of Paediatrics Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Hemingway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. D.","family":"van Pelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Catsman\u2010Berrevoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Erasmus MC\u2010Sophia Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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J.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Neurosciences King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust London"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Rost\u00e1sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Children's Hospital Datteln University Witten\/Herdecke Datteln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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