{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:29:45Z","timestamp":1789540185458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007801","name":"Agenzia di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) K\/W seem to play a role in fostering and exacerbation of some neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given these findings, the immunity response against HERV\u2010K and HERV\u2010W envelope surface (env\u2010su) glycoprotein antigens in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated for ALS, multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease patients and in healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four antigenic peptides derived respectively from HERV\u2010K and HERV\u2010W env\u2010su proteins were studied in 21 definite or probable ALS patients, 26 possible or definite relapsing\u2212remitting MS patients, 18 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 39 healthy controls. An indirect enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was set up to detect specific antibodies (Abs) against env\u2010su peptides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amongst the measured levels of Abs against the four different HERV\u2010K peptide fragments, only HERV\u2010K env\u2010su<jats:sub>19\u201337<\/jats:sub> was significantly elevated in ALS compared to other groups, both in serum and CSF. Instead, amongst the Abs levels directed against the four different HERV\u2010W peptide fragments, only HERV\u2010W env\u2010su<jats:sub>93\u2013108<\/jats:sub> and HERV\u2010W env\u2010su<jats:sub>248\u2013262<\/jats:sub> were significantly elevated, in the serum and CSF of the MS group compared to other groups. In ALS patients, the HERV\u2010K env\u2010su<jats:sub>19\u201337<\/jats:sub> Abs levels were significantly correlated with clinical measures of disease severity, both in serum and CSF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased circulating levels of Abs directed against the HERV\u2010W env\u2010su<jats:sub>93\u2013108<\/jats:sub> and HERV\u2010W env\u2010su<jats:sub>248\u2013262<\/jats:sub> peptide fragments could serve as possible biomarkers in patients with MS. Similarly, increased circulating levels of Abs directed against the HERV\u2010K env\u2010su<jats:sub>19\u201337<\/jats:sub> peptide fragment could serve as a possible early novel biomarker in patients with ALS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T11:44:00Z","timestamp":1522496640000},"page":"1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Humoral immunity response to human endogenous retroviruses K\/W differentiates between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Arru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgery and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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