{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T19:28:32Z","timestamp":1788118112039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,21]],"date-time":"2018-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibodies to glycine receptors (GlyR\u2010Abs) were first defined in progressive encephalopathy with rigidity and myoclonus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PERM<\/jats:styled-content>) but were subsequently identified in other clinical presentations. Our aim was to assess the clinical associations of all patients identified with GlyR\u2010Abs in Queensland, Australia, between April 2014 and May 2017 and to compare these to cases reported in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature review identified the clinical features of all published GlyR\u2010Ab\u2010positive cases through online databases. A case series was undertaken via collection of clinical information from all patients diagnosed or known to immunology, pathology or neurological services in Queensland during the study period of 3 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 187 GlyR\u2010Ab\u2010positive cases were identified in the literature. The majority (47.6%) had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PERM<\/jats:styled-content>, 22.4% had epilepsy, but the remaining 30% included mixed phenotypes consisting of cerebellar ataxia, movement disorders, demyelination and encephalitis\/cognitive dysfunction. By contrast, in our series of 14 cases, eight had clinical presentations consistent with seizures and epilepsy and only three cases had classical features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PERM<\/jats:styled-content>. There was one case each of global fatiguable weakness with sustained clonus, laryngeal dystonia and movement disorder with hemiballismus and tics. The rate of response to immune therapy was similar in all groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibodies to glycine receptors are linked to a spectrum of neurological disease. The results of the literature review and our case series suggest a greater relationship between GlyR\u2010Abs and epilepsy than previously reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1529049746000},"page":"1290-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Antiglycine receptor antibody related disease: a case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Swayne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia Wooloongabba QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia"},{"name":"Mater Centre for Neuroscience South Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Tjoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Centre for Neuroscience South Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Broadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gold Coast University Hospital Griffith University Medical School Griffith University QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Dionisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia Wooloongabba QLD Australia"},{"name":"Mater Centre for Neuroscience South Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Sunshine Coast University Hospital Birtinya QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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