{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:46:04Z","timestamp":1788821164336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult\u2010onset laryngeal dystonia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>) can be isolated or can be associated with dystonia in other body parts. Combined forms can be segmental at the onset or can result from dystonia spread to or from the larynx. The aim of this study was to identify the main clinical and demographic features of adult\u2010onset idiopathic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> in an Italian population with special focus on dystonia spread.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained from the Italian Dystonia Registry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDR<\/jats:styled-content>) produced by 37 Italian institutions. Clinical and demographic data of 71 patients with idiopathic adult\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> were extracted from a pool of 1131 subjects included in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty of 71 patients presented a laryngeal focal onset; the remaining subjects had onset in other body regions and later laryngeal spread. The two groups did not show significant differences of demographic features. 32% of patients with laryngeal onset reported spread to contiguous body regions afterwards and in most cases (12 of 16 subjects) dystonia started to spread within 1 year from the onset. LD patients who remained focal and those who had dystonia spread did not show other differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDR<\/jats:styled-content> show that dystonic patients with focal laryngeal onset will present spread in almost one\u2010third of cases. Spread from the larynx occurs early and is directed to contiguous body regions showing similarities with clinical progression of blepharospasm. This study gives a new accurate description of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> phenomenology that may contribute to improving the comprehension of dystonia pathophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,23]],"date-time":"2018-06-23T09:30:07Z","timestamp":1529746207000},"page":"1341-1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spread of dystonia in patients with idiopathic adult\u2010onset laryngeal dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2034-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza, University of Rome Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ferrazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3598-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza, University of Rome Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Cesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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