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The symptoms indicated cerebellar\u2013brainstem and temporo\u2010occipital involvement. However, it remains unclear how it affects the human brain. To elucidate the effect of DPAA on the human brain, we analyzed cerebral blood flow (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content>) data after the drinking of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010contaminated water was stopped and investigated the correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content> exposure level and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content> by single\u2010photon emission computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPECT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exposed inhabitants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 78) were divided into 35 symptomatic and 43 asymptomatic subjects and compared with 38 healthy controls. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content> concentration in nails or hair and well water was measured using a high\u2010performance liquid chromatography system and coupled plasma mass spectrometry after adequate extraction treatment. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPECT<\/jats:styled-content> data, obtained within 1 year after the drinking of contaminated well water was stopped, were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping. We also examined the relationship between variations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPECT<\/jats:styled-content> signals and variations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in the hair or nails of the subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with control subjects, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content> in symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exposed subjects was significantly lower in the occipital lobe, including the cuneus and inferior occipital gyri. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content> concentration in the nails or hair of subjects was inversely and significantly related to their <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPECT<\/jats:styled-content> may be useful as a clinical marker to infer the effect of accumulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAA<\/jats:styled-content> on the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T16:33:38Z","timestamp":1534955618000},"page":"136-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Decreased regional cerebral blood flow in patients 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Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 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