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Imaging markers have been developed to differentiate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PML<\/jats:styled-content> from new multiple sclerosis lesions and to facilitate the early identification of pre\u2010clinical manifestations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PML<\/jats:styled-content> and its immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PML<\/jats:styled-content> can be diagnosed either by brain biopsy or by clinical, radiographic and virological criteria. 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