{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:51:46Z","timestamp":1790715106601,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003776","name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000304","name":"Parkinson's UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J\u20100802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J\u20100802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence and duration of non\u2010motor symptoms (NMS) in prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and duration of prodromal NMS (pNMS) in a cohort of patients with recently diagnosed PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the prevalence and duration of pNMS in patients with early PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0154). NMS were screened for using the Non\u2010Motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQuest). We subtracted the duration of the presence of each individual NMS reported from the duration of the earliest motor symptom. NMS whose duration preceded the duration of motor symptoms were considered a pNMS. Individual pNMS were then grouped into relevant pNMS clusters based on the NMSQuest domains. Motor subtypes were defined as tremor dominant, postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) and indeterminate type according to the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale revision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prodromal NMS were experienced by 90.3% of patients with PD and the median number experienced was 4 (interquartile range, 2\u20137). A gender difference existed in the pNMS experienced, with males reporting more sexual dysfunction, forgetfulness and dream re\u2010enactment, whereas females reported more unexplained weight change and anxiety. There was a significant association between any prodromal gastrointestinal symptoms [odds ratio (OR), 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08\u20134.89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03] and urinary symptoms (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.19\u20135.35, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016) and the PIGD phenotype. Further analysis revealed that total pNMS were not significantly associated with the PIGD phenotype (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.99\u20131.21, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.068).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prodromal NMS are common and a gender difference in pNMS experienced in prodromal PD may exist. The PIGD phenotype had a higher prevalence of prodromal gastrointestinal and urinary tract symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T01:13:34Z","timestamp":1548983614000},"page":"979-985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Prevalence and duration of non\u2010motor symptoms in prodromal Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8897-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Durcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wiblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2608-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. A.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. K.","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Nathan QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Yarnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7654-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. W.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Pavese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the ICICLE\u2010PD Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26431"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (text revised)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70287-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.09.025"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fene.13919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.13919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T13:07:23Z","timestamp":1694351243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.13919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.13919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.13919","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}