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However, whether it influences the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19 genetic variants and clopidogrel efficacy is not clear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 2961 patients from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHANCE<\/jats:styled-content> trial were involved in this substudy and were successfully genotyped for two single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19 (*2 and *3). The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evaluate the interactions between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19*2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19*3 carrier status and clopidogrel efficacy stratified by smoking status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were marginal significant interactions between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19*2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19*3 allele carrier status and antiplatelet treatment regimen for the risk of recurrent stroke and composite events (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.054, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.051, respectively) amongst smokers, but not in non\u2010smokers. Amongst smokers, clopidogrel plus aspirin decreased the recurrence rate of stroke compared with aspirin alone in non\u2010carriers (3.8% vs. 11.8%, hazard ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.15\u20130.65, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002), but not in carriers. Similar results were also found for the recurrence rate of composite events in smokers. No significant difference was found for hemorrhage events in any group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amongst patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack, marginal significant interactions between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19*2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19*3 allele carrier status and clopidogrel efficacy were found in smokers but not in non\u2010smokers. Amongst smokers, clopidogrel plus aspirin might decrease the recurrence rate of stroke in non\u2010carriers of *2 and *3 alleles of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C19 compared with aspirin alone. However, caution should be taken to interpret our findings in view of several limitations in our study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T06:16:48Z","timestamp":1555049808000},"page":"1175-1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of smoking on <scp>CYP<\/scp>2C19 genetic variants and clopidogrel efficacy in patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INI Stroke Network OSF Healthcare System University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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