{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:32:57Z","timestamp":1785299577825,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with moderate and severe paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), we investigated the presence and severity of white matter (WM) tract damage, cortical lobar and deep grey matter (GM) atrophies, their interplay and their correlation with outcome rating scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diffusion tensor (DT) and 3D T1\u2010weighted MRI scans were obtained from 22 TBI children (13 boys; mean age at insult\u00a0=\u00a011.6\u00a0years; 72.7% in chronic condition) and 31 age\u2010matched healthy children. Patients were tested with outcome rating scales and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). DT MRI\u00a0indices were obtained from several supra\u2010 and infra\u2010tentorial WM tracts. Cortical lobar and deep GM volumes were derived. Comparisons between patients and controls, and between patients in acute (&lt;6\u00a0months from the event) vs. chronic (\u22656\u00a0months) condition were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients showed a widespread pattern of decreased WM FA and GM atrophy. Compared to acute, chronic patients showed severer atrophy in the right frontal lobe and reduced FA in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum (CC). Decreased axial diffusivity was observed in acute patients versus controls in the inferior fronto\u2010occipital fasciculus and CC. Chronic patients showed increased axial diffusivity in the same structures. Uncinate fasciculus DT MRI abnormalities correlated with atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes. Hippocampal atrophy correlated with reduced WISC scores, whereas putamen atrophy correlated with lower functional independence measure\u00a0scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study isolated a distributed fronto\u2010temporal network of structures particularly vulnerable to axonal damage and atrophy that may contribute to cognitive deficits following TBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T17:33:32Z","timestamp":1554831212000},"page":"1183-1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fronto\u2010temporal vulnerability to disconnection in paediatric moderate and severe traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Molteni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Brain Injury Unit Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Strazzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Brain Injury Unit Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Brain Injury Unit Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Beretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Brain Injury Unit Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Boffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Galbiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Brain Injury Unit Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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