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An epilepsy\u2010screening questionnaire was sent to all patients, where those screening positive were invited to a neurological examination with documentation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms according to the American College of Rheumatology nomenclature. Occurrences of autoantibodies (double stranded <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>antibody, antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome A, Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome B) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content>) were tabulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 440 patients, 14% were dead and 2.7% were lost to follow\u2010up. The questionnaire was sent to 368 patients; 312 (85%) responded. Of these, 131 (42%) screened positive. Epilepsy was confirmed in 36 (11.5%), of whom 30 (83%) had focal onset. Ten (3.2%) patients had isolated or provoked seizures. Manifestations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content> occurred in 50%. The rates of cerebrovascular disease and psychosis were elevated two\u2010 and three\u2010fold in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients with epilepsy versus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients without epilepsy, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0006). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> was more common in patients with epilepsy compared to epilepsy\u2010free <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients with or without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). In 50% of patients with epilepsy, no other etiology than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> was detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of epilepsy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients is reported, with association to concurrent cerebrovascular disease, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> and psychosis. Our findings support the notion of a multifactorial background for epilepsy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> including both vascular disease and features consistent with autoimmunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T16:30:06Z","timestamp":1566923406000},"page":"297-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Epilepsy in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Hopia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Neurology Karolinska Institutet och Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, Stockholm 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