{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:28:57Z","timestamp":1790166537561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose was to examine the consequences of antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure during pregnancy on language abilities in children aged 5 and 8\u00a0years of mothers with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population included children of mothers with and without epilepsy enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study 1999\u20132008. Mothers prospectively provided information on epilepsy diagnosis, AED use during pregnancy and the child\u2019s language abilities at age 5 and 8\u00a0years, in questionnaires with validated language screening tools. AED concentrations in gestation week 17\u201319 and in the umbilical cord were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study population included 346 AED\u2010exposed and 388 AED\u2010unexposed children of mothers with epilepsy, and 113\u00a0674 children of mothers without epilepsy. Mothers of 117 and 121 AED\u2010exposed children responded to the questionnaires at age 5 and 8\u00a0years, respectively. For AED\u2010exposed children, the adjusted odds ratio for language impairment was 1.6 [confidence interval (CI) 1.1\u20132.5,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.03] at age 5\u00a0years and 2.0 (CI 1.4\u20133.0,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) at age 8\u00a0years, compared to children of mothers without epilepsy. Children exposed to carbamazepine monotherapy had a significantly increased risk of language impairment compared to control children at age 8\u00a0years (adjusted odds ratio 3.8, CI 1.6\u20139.0,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Higher maternal valproate concentrations correlated with language impairment at age 5\u00a0years. Periconceptional folic acid supplement use protected against AED\u2010associated language impairment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Foetal AED exposure\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      is associated with an increased risk of language impairment in children aged 5 and 8\u00a0years of mothers with epilepsy. Periconceptional folic acid use had a protective effect on AED\u2010associated language impairment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]],"date-time":"2019-12-08T23:55:50Z","timestamp":1575849350000},"page":"667-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure\n                    <i>in utero<\/i>\n                    \u2013 the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. S. N.","family":"Husebye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. E.","family":"Gilhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Spigset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology St. Olav University Hospital Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Daltveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health Registries Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. H.","family":"Bj\u00f8rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2262-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d62c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70323-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001182"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003157"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000154514.82948.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3897"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006073"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5324\/nje.v24i1-2.1755"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5324\/nje.v24i1-2.1806"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/22.3.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064177"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"OttemE.20 sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l om spr\u00e5kferdigheter \u2013 en analyse av sammenhengen mellom observasjonsdata og testdata. 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