{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T02:54:02Z","timestamp":1777172042687,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature provides contrasting results on the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with cerebellar signs. It was sought to evaluate the efficacy of LEV on upper limb movement in MS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicenter double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled crossover study, MS patients with prevalently cerebellar signs were randomly allocated into two groups: LEV followed by placebo (group 1) or placebo followed by LEV (group 2). Clinical assessments were performed by a blinded physician at T0 (day 1), T1 (day 22), T2 (2\u2010week wash\u2010out period, day 35) and T3 (day 56). The primary outcome was dexterity in the arm with greater deficit, assessed by the nine\u2010hole peg test (9HPT). Secondary clinical outcomes included responders on the 9HPT (\u22069HPT &gt;20%), tremor activity of the daily living questionnaire and self\u2010defined upper limb impairment, through a numeric rating scale. Kinematic evaluation was performed using a digitizing tablet, providing data on normalized jerk, aiming error and centripetal acceleration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight subjects (45.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.4\u00a0years) were randomly allocated into two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024 each). 9HPT significantly improved in the LEV phase in both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The LEV treatment phase led to a significant improvement (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) of all clinical outcomes in group 1 and in dexterity in group 2. No significant changes were reported during both placebo phases in the two groups. Considering the kinematic analysis, only normalized jerk significantly improved after treatment with LEV (T0\u2013T1) in group 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levetiracetam treatment seems to be effective in improving upper limb dexterity in MS patients with cerebellar signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T20:45:46Z","timestamp":1592426746000},"page":"2209-2216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Efficacy of levetiracetam on upper limb movement in multiple sclerosis patients with cerebellar signs: a multicenter double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Solaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, \u2018Mons. L. 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