{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:48:08Z","timestamp":1785322088612,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety and depression are common disabling comorbidities in cervical dystonia (CD) and may predispose to social withdrawal and social cognitive impairments. The relationship between social cognition and depressive\/anxiety symptoms in CD is under\u2010investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six CD patients (40 women; mean\u00a0age \u00b1\u00a0SD, 55.57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.84\u00a0years) were administered the following social cognition battery: Affect Naming, Prosody Face and Pair Matching subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV and Wechsler Memory Scale IV (social perception), reality\u2010known and reality\u2010unknown false belief reasoning tasks (theory of mind), Empathy Quotient and Social Norms Questionnaire 22 (social behaviour), alongside the Benton Facial Recognition Task (non\u2010emotional facial discrimination). Alongside CD severity, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured depressive\/anxiety comorbid diagnostic status and severity, and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale assessed social phobia. Social cognition tasks were standardized using published normative data and a cut\u2010off of <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0\u22121.5 for impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than 90% of our CD patients performed normally on social perception and social behaviour tests. Performance on impaired belief reasoning (theory of mind) was impaired in 10 of 46 (21.74%); five of 46 (10.87%) were impaired on the Empathy Quotient. Better performance on the Affect Naming task was associated with comorbid anxiety (<jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.09, medium\u2010to\u2010large effect size) and greater anxiety, depression and social phobia severity. Worse performance on the Empathy Quotient was associated with comorbid depression (<jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.11, medium\u2010to\u2010large effect size) and greater depression severity. CD patients had significantly more difficulties with fearful face identification (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater social perception abilities in CD patients with more severe anxiety and depression suggest efficient modulation and self\u2010adaptation of social cognitive skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T21:38:21Z","timestamp":1601329101000},"page":"98-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Social cognition in cervical dystonia: phenotype and relationship to anxiety and depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Ellement","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Jasaui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Continuing Medical Education Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kathol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology McGill University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Nosratmirshekarlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Pringsheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.L.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.4.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1555475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44977-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397267-5.00057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03144.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1725-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7703-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS): assessment of validity and inter\u2010rater reliability","volume":"40","author":"Consky ES","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000414022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09084280802644466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak MD","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Benton AL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617713001094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5480913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17415-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Apathy and depression: which clinical specificities?","volume":"2018","author":"Batail JM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pers Med Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence and correlation of non\u2010motor symptoms in adult patients with idiopathic focal or segmental dystonia","volume":"9","author":"Novaretti N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.14070169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Operationalizing impaired performance in neuropsychological assessment: a comparison of the use of published versus sample\u2010based normative data for the prediction of dementia","volume":"2019","author":"Callahan BL","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27335"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.14508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ene.14508","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.14508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T06:11:58Z","timestamp":1693289518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.14508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.14508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14508","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}