{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:09:25Z","timestamp":1776953365884,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H21\u2010Junkanki\u2010Ippan\u2010017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H21\u2010Junkanki\u2010Ippan\u2010017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H24\u2010Junkanki\u2010Ippan\u2010011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H24\u2010Junkanki\u2010Ippan\u2010011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>A transient ischemic attack (TIA) can occur without self\u2010awareness of symptoms. We aimed to investigate characteristics of patients with a tissue\u2010based diagnosis of TIA but having no self\u2010awareness of their symptoms and whose symptoms were witnessed by bystanders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from the multicenter registry of 1414 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TIA. For patients without evidence of ischemic lesions on imaging, clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without self\u2010awareness of their TIA symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 896 patients (559 men, median age of 70\u00a0years), 59 (6.6%) were unaware of their TIA symptoms, but had those symptoms witnessed by bystanders. Patients without self\u2010awareness of symptoms were older and more frequently female, and more likely to have previous history of stroke, premorbid disability, and atrial fibrillation, but less likely to have dyslipidemia than those with self\u2010awareness. Patients without self\u2010awareness of symptoms arrive at hospitals earlier than those with self\u2010awareness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). ABCD<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> score was higher in patients without self\u2010awareness of symptoms than those with self\u2010awareness (median 5 vs. 4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Having no self\u2010awareness of symptoms was a significant predictor of ischemic stroke within 1\u00a0year after adjustment for sex, ABCD<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> score, and onset to arrival time (hazard ratio = 2.44, 95% confidential interval: 1.10\u20134.83), but was not significant after further adjustment for arterial stenosis or occlusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with a TIA but having no self\u2010awareness of their symptoms might have higher risk of subsequent ischemic stroke rather than those with self\u2010awareness, suggesting urgent management is needed even if patients have no self\u2010awareness of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T01:07:07Z","timestamp":1600823227000},"page":"509-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transient ischemic attack without self\u2010awareness of symptoms witnessed by bystanders: analysis of the PROMISE\u2010TIA registry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6501-4057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Neurological Institute Kyushu University Fukuoka 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Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke Medicine Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Tanahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine Saitama Medical University Saitama International Medical Center Hidaka 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