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In mice, higher omega\u20103 (n\u20103) fatty acid intake diminishes brain damage after stroke. In this study, we tested whether vitamin D or n\u20103 fatty acids supplementation prior to stroke reduces the risk of functional limitations and physical disability after stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from VITAL (the VITamin D and OmegA\u20103 TriaL) which randomized middle\u2010aged and older men and women without cardiovascular disease to vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (2000\u00a0IU\/day) and\/or marine n\u20103 fatty acids (1\u00a0g\/day) and followed them for incident stroke events. Individuals experiencing a non\u2010fatal stroke were mailed questionnaires assessing functional limitations (the physical performance scale adapted from Nagi) and physical disability (the modified Katz Activities of Daily Living and Rosow\u2010Breslau Functional Health scales). We used logistic regression to analyze associations between randomized treatment and limitations on each scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 290 individuals experienced their first stroke during the trial, of whom 197 stroke survivors completed the stroke outcomes questionnaire a median of 1.4\u00a0years after diagnosis. We observed no associations between randomized treatment to vitamin D and functional limitations (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52, 1.97) or physical disability (Rosow\u2010Breslau scale: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.50, 1.67; Katz scale: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.31, 3.42). Those randomized to n\u20103 fatty acids had a non\u2010significantly lower risk of functional limitations (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.28, 1.09) and physical disability (Rosow\u2010Breslau scale: OR\u00a00.56, 95% CI 0.31, 1.02; Katz sclae: OR\u00a00.32, 95% CI 0.50, 1.67).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D or omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation prior to stroke did not result in significantly improved post\u2010stroke outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T03:28:26Z","timestamp":1604201306000},"page":"809-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of vitamin D and\/or omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation on stroke outcomes: A randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela M.","family":"Rist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JoAnn E.","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Rexrode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women's Health Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 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