{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:47:22Z","timestamp":1770842842333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81401670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81401670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81630062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81630062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human prion diseases (PrDs) are a group of fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that are diagnosed definitively in post mortem brains. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous calcium\u2010binding protein. Increased brain CaM level has been reported in prion\u2010infected rodent models and some scrapie\u2010infected cells. However, the putative alteration of CaM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human PrDs is uncertain. Here, we try to figure out the profiles of CSF CaM in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2010Jacob disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid samples of 40 Chinese patients with probable sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2010Jacob disease (sCJD) and 40 cases without sCJD (non\u2010PrDs) were recruited in this study. The presence of CaM in the CSF was assessed by Western blot, while total tau levels were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay kit. In addition, the presence of CaM in another CSF panel consisting of 30 definite sCJD cases and 30 non\u2010PrD cases was evaluated using CaM\u2010specific Western blot analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid CaM positivity was observed in 28\/40 cases of probable sCJD and in 9\/40 non\u2010PrD cases. The CSF tau levels in the probable sCJD cases were markedly higher than those in the non\u2010PrD cases. Logistic regression established a significant correlation between CSF CaM signal and total CSF tau level. Similar results were observed in the panel of cases with definite sCJD: the rates of CSF CaM positivity in the definite sCJD cases and the non\u2010PrD cases were 22\/30 and 6\/30, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although CSF CaM positivity might not be a sCJD\u2010specific phenomenon, a significantly high rate of CaM\u2010positive CSF in sCJD cases, especially in those with high CSF tau levels, rendered it a valuable diagnostic biomarker for sCJD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T18:36:49Z","timestamp":1605983809000},"page":"1134-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Calmodulin level is significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Cao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"},{"name":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention\u2010Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Center for Biosafety Mega\u2010Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Ping","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"},{"name":"Center of Global Public Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"},{"name":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention\u2010Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Center for Biosafety Mega\u2010Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"},{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0143-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The 14\u20103\u20103 brain protein in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","volume":"335","author":"Gary H","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(97)89430-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"WHO.WHO manual for surveillance of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies including variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease. WHO Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response;2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Updated clinical diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease","volume":"231","author":"Zerr I","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8519-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2017.1367082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.13.3351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9348-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181e92a1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720512800107564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.038018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.268901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804279-3.00008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000230159.67128.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70090-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2007.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2009.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The characteristics of Chinese Prion diseases based On 10 years surveillance data from 2006 To 2015","volume":"8","author":"Shi Q","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry (London)"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.14655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ene.14655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.14655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:07:27Z","timestamp":1693192047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.14655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.14655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}