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This report describes a severe case of nivolumab\/ipilimumab\u2010associated glutamic acid decarboxylase 65\u2013positive autoimmune encephalitis. It proposes neurofilament light chain levels, a biomarker indicating axonal damage, in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum as a putative novel biomarker for this diagnostically and therapeutically challenging entity with an often unfavorable outcome. Additionally, we provide an overview of previous reports of patients developing autoimmune encephalitis under ICI treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T07:07:09Z","timestamp":1612854429000},"page":"1086-1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neurofilament light chain levels reflect outcome in a patient with glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody\u2013positive autoimmune encephalitis under immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Piepgras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy Rhine\u2010Main Neuroscience Network University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz 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