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However, data examining the effect of ICS on cognitive decline are limited. We investigated the effect of ICS on cognition over a period of 3 years in a memory clinic cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were recruited from the National University Hospital in Singapore. Data were collected using a standardised questionnaire, physical examination, and 3\u2010T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline. ICS was defined as arterial narrowing that exceeded 50% of the luminal diameter in any intracranial vessel. Cognition was measured at baseline and annually for 3\u00a0years using the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a detailed neuropsychological test battery. The association between ICS and cognitive decline was analysed using generalised estimating equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 364 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (\u00b1SD) age was 71.9 (\u00b18.0) years, and 164 (45.1%) patients were male. A total of 66 (18.1%) patients had ICS. ICS was associated with worse executive function (\u03b2 = \u22120.37, 95% confidence interval = \u22120.68 to \u22120.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022) and modified the effect of follow\u2010up time on memory (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) and visuomotor speed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047). These results remained significant after controlling for demographics, overall diagnosis, cardiovascular risk factors, and MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracranial stenosis was independently associated with worse executive function across all time points, and cognitive decline in memory and visuomotor speed over 3 years of follow\u2010up. This suggests that ICS may be a useful indicator of vascular brain damage leading to cognitive decline and may warrant consideration of antiatherosclerotic treatment in clinical trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T15:36:05Z","timestamp":1614267365000},"page":"1829-1839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effect of intracranial stenosis on cognitive decline in a memory clinic cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6866-9531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mervyn Jun Rui","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery National University Health System 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