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A detailed description of its phenotype is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three cases with findings suggestive of OIE are presented, and the literature is reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case 1 is a healthy 59\u2010year\u2010old man presenting with loss of consciousness, cortical blindness, restlessness, and anterograde amnesia immediately following a cervical ozone\u2010therapy (OT) session for chronic neck pain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on admission was normal. A follow\u2010up scan demonstrated a subtle increased T2 fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery signal within the left cerebellum; an echocardiography showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Case 2 is a 56\u2010year\u2010old woman with history of migraine, PFO, and lumbar pain who presented with headache, bilateral visual impairment, motor dysphasia, and agitation. All her symptoms began immediately after lumbar OT. Her brain MRI was negative. Case 3 is a healthy 27\u2010year\u2010old man who complained of vertigo and mild blurred vision 5 min following a cervical ozone injection. His neurological examination and brain MRI were normal. All three patients had full recovery within 48 h. We found eight additional cases of OIE in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>OIE should be considered in patients presenting with neurological symptoms in close relation to OT. OIE is likely a novel iatrogenic entity with a complex pathogenesis; it is probably underreported because it mimics other neurological conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T17:10:43Z","timestamp":1614791443000},"page":"2471-2478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ozone\u2010induced encephalopathy: A novel iatrogenic entity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalom","family":"Haggiag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department San Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3237-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Prosperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department San Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Stasolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department San Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Gerace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department San Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Tortorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department San Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3959-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Gasperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department San Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1699-258X(06)73032-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"CD008474","article-title":"Ozone therapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes","author":"Liu J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.4.1535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"International Medical Ozone Federation.http:\/\/imeof.org\/?lang=en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"ISCO3 \u2010 International Scientific Committee of Ozonetherapy (Madrid 2012).Ozone Therapy and Its Scientific Foundations.https:\/\/www.isco3.org"},{"issue":"291","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"198207","article-title":"Ozone therapy in COVID\u201019: A narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Cattel F","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.12.393"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"2677","article-title":"The usefulness of ozone treatment in spinal pain","volume":"15","author":"Bocci V","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2423051934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a3c18d"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"996","article-title":"Intraforaminal O(2)\u2010O(3) versus periradicular steroidal infiltrations in lower back pain: randomized controlled study","volume":"26","author":"Bonetti M","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2020\/23\/477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 . 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