{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:06:29Z","timestamp":1791637589404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess neurological manifestations and health\u2010related quality of life (QoL) 3\u00a0months after COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study we systematically evaluated neurological signs and diseases by detailed neurological examination and a predefined test battery assessing smelling disorders (16\u2010item Sniffin Sticks test), cognitive deficits (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), QoL (36\u2010item Short Form), and mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist\u20135) 3\u00a0months after disease onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 135 consecutive COVID\u201019 patients, 31 (23%) required intensive care unit (ICU) care (severe), 72 (53%) were admitted to the regular ward (moderate), and 32 (24%) underwent outpatient care (mild) during acute disease. At the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up, 20 patients (15%) presented with one or more neurological syndromes that were not evident before COVID\u201019. These included polyneuro\/myopathy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017, 13%) with one patient presenting with Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome, mild encephalopathy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02, 2%), parkinsonism (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, 1%), orthostatic hypotension (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, 1%), and ischemic stroke (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, 1%). Objective testing revealed hyposmia\/anosmia in 57\/127 (45%) patients at the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up. Self\u2010reported hyposmia\/anosmia was lower (17%) at 3 months, however, improved when compared to the acute disease phase (44%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). At follow\u2010up, cognitive deficits were apparent in 23%, and QoL was impaired in 31%. Assessment of mental health revealed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorders in 11%, 25%, and 11%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite recovery from the acute infection, neurological symptoms were prevalent at the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up. Above all, smelling disorders were persistent in a large proportion of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T06:47:44Z","timestamp":1615186064000},"page":"3348-3359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Neurological outcome and quality of life 3\u00a0months after COVID\u201019: A prospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Rass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-6845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois Josef","family":"Schiefecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Mahlknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Limmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Sahanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5080-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Sonnweber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5116-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Tancevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Scherfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Zamarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-111X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Bellmann\u2010Weiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7174-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atbin","family":"Djamshidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9836-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Kiechl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Seppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Loeffler\u2010Ragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Pfausler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5682-0145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimund","family":"Helbok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2008597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30221-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2019373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70178-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30287-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03481-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01764-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale \u2010 German Version (Hads\u2010D)","author":"Hermann C","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X454070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection: a review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment options","volume":"38","author":"Kanjanaumporn J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TaquetM GeddesJR HusainM LucianoS HarrisonPJ.Six\u2010month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID\u201019.2021.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.16.21249950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1304-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-01049-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09951-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09934-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30322-7"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.14803","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ene.14803","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.14803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T21:02:00Z","timestamp":1693342920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.14803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.14803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14803","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}