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The association between baseline 25OHD and WMHs at 10\u2010year follow\u2010up in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study plus 1000BRAINS was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data of 505 participants (49% women, 56.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6\u00a0years) with 25OHD at baseline (2000\u20132003) and WMH volume and grade of WMHs using the Fazekas classification at 10\u2010year follow\u2010up were analysed. The association between deseasonalized 25OHD and the base\u201010 logarithm of WMH volume was evaluated by multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, sports, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. \u03b2\u2010estimators were transformed back (10<jats:sup>\u03b2<\/jats:sup>). Using multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between deseasonalized 25OHD and Fazekas grades (0, absence and 1, punctate foci vs. 2, beginning and 3, large confluence).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean 25OHD was 17.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.2\u00a0ng\/ml, and mean deseasonalized 25OHD was 16.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.5\u00a0ng\/ml. Mean WMH volume was 16.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.4\u00a0ml, range 1\u2013132\u00a0ml. Most grade 2\u20133 WMHs were found to be periventricular (39% of the participants), parietal (32%) and frontal (31%) (temporal 6%, occipital 3%). The linear regression showed an inverse association between 25OHD and WMH volume. On average, a 25OHD increase of 1\u00a0ng\/ml was associated with a reduced WMH volume by a factor of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98; 1.00) (fully adjusted). There was also some indication for an inverse association between 25OHD and extent of periventricular (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.96; 1.01]), frontal (0.99 [0.97; 1.02]) and parietal (0.98 [0.95; 1.00]) WMHs according to the Fazekas classification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower 25OHD may be a risk factor for the occurrence of WMHs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T07:06:24Z","timestamp":1615273584000},"page":"1849-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D and white matter hyperintensities: results of the population\u2010based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study and 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