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Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in immunity as professional antigen\u2010presenting cells; changes in their frequency have been observed in several autoimmune conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 18 TS patients (15 on stable pharmacological treatment, three unmedicated) and 18 age\u2010matched healthy volunteers (HVs), we explored circulating blood\u2010derived DCs and their relationship with clinical variables and brain metabolites, measured via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H\u2010MRS). DC subsets, including plasmacytoid and myeloid type 1 and 2 dendritic cells (MDC1, MDC2), were studied with flow cytometry. 1H\u2010MRS was used to measure total choline, glutamate plus glutamine, total creatine (tCr), and total N\u2010acetylaspartate and N\u2010acetylaspartyl\u2010glutamate levels in frontal white matter (FWM) and the putamen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did not observe differences in absolute concentrations of DC subsets or brain inflammatory metabolites between patients and HVs. However, TS patients manifesting anxiety showed a significant increase in MDC1s compared to TS patients without anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). We also found a strong negative correlation between MDC1 frequency and tCr in the FWM of patients with TS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0015), but not of HVs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated frequencies of the MDC1 subset in TS patients manifesting anxiety may reflect a proinflammatory status, potentially facilitating altered neuro\u2010immune crosstalk. Furthermore, the strong inverse correlation between brain tCr levels and MDC1 subset frequency in TS patients suggests a potential association between proinflammatory status and metabolic changes in sensitive brain regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T08:00:58Z","timestamp":1616745658000},"page":"1910-1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Analyses of peripheral blood dendritic cells and magnetic resonance spectroscopy support dysfunctional neuro\u2010immune crosstalk in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0877-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Sarchioto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute St George's, 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