{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:24:52Z","timestamp":1767626692673,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) consists of pooled donor immunoglobulins (IgG), possibly including anti\u2010<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>sl) antibodies. Apparent IVIg\u2010related <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>sl seroconversion could lead to incorrect diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. This cohort study was designed to determine how often IVIg treatment leads to apparent <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>sl seroconversion and whether antibodies disappear post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and myositis patients were analyzed, drawn pre\u2010treatment and 6\u201312\u00a0weeks after the start of IVIg. In patients with apparent seroconversion, follow\u2010up samples after treatment withdrawal were analyzed, if available. Patients treated with corticosteroids were included as controls. A two\u2010tier protocol was used for serological testing consisting of the C6 Lyme ELISA (Oxford Immunotec) and confirmation by immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoblot (Mikrogen<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 61 patients: 51 patients were treated with IVIg and 10 with dexamethasone. Of the patients treated with IVIg, 42 had CIDP (82%) and were treated with Nanogam<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (Sanquin Plasma Products). Nine patients had myositis (18%) and were treated with Privigen<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (CSL Behring). Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>sl IgG seroprevalence pre\u2010treatment was 3% (2\/61). Apparent seroconversion during IVIg treatment occurred in 39% (20\/51) of patients, all treated with Nanogam. Post\u2010treatment seroreversion occurred in 92% (12\/13) of patients with available follow\u2010up samples; in 78% (7\/9) seroreversion was observed within 3\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transient presence of anti\u2010<jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>sl IgG antibodies after IVIg is regularly observed. This effect appears to be dependent on the IVIg brand, probably reflecting variation in <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>sl exposure of plasma donors. Lyme borreliosis serological testing during, and weeks to months after, IVIg is therefore of limited utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T07:50:09Z","timestamp":1617609009000},"page":"2383-2387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i> sensu lato seroconversion after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3789-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse M.","family":"Lucke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Vrijlandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7565-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneke J.","family":"van der Kooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo N.","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Spaarne Gasthuis Haarlem The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, and Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joppe W.","family":"Hovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Eftimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"CD001797","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy","volume":"1","author":"Eftimov F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.114986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70021-1"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"2288","article-title":"Prevalence of Lyme borreliosis in The 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