{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:22Z","timestamp":1787014162605,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An incremental number of cases of acute transverse myelitis (ATM) in individuals with ongoing or recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) have been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was performed of cases of ATM described in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection by screening both articles published and in preprint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty cases were identified. There was a slight male predominance (60.0%) and the median age was 56\u00a0years. Neurological symptoms first manifested after a mean of 10.3\u00a0days from the first onset of classical, mostly respiratory symptoms of COVID\u201019. Overall, COVID\u201019\u00a0severity was relatively mild. Polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was negative in all 14 cases examined. Cerebrospinal fluid findings reflected an inflammatory process in most instances (77.8%). Aquaporin\u20104 and myelin oligodendrocyte protein antibodies in serum (tested in 10 and nine cases, respectively) were negative. On magnetic resonance imaging, the spinal cord lesions spanned a mean of 9.8 vertebral segments, necrotic\u2010hemorrhagic transformation was present in three cases and two individuals had additional acute motor axonal neuropathy. More than half of the patients received a second immunotherapy regimen. Over a limited follow\u2010up period of several weeks, 90% of individuals recovered either partially or near fully.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although causality cannot readily be inferred, it is possible that cases of ATM occur para\u2010 or post\u2010infectiously in COVID\u201019. All identified reports are anecdotal and case descriptions are heterogeneous. Whether the condition and the observed radiological characteristics are specific to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection needs to be clarified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T05:36:27Z","timestamp":1622525787000},"page":"3230-3244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Systematic review of cases of acute myelitis in individuals with COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Eva C.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen\/Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG) University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Hauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine Christian Doppler Medical Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian Doppler Medical Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Gunther Ladurner Nursing Home Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Sellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian Doppler Medical Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Landesklinikum Mistelbach\u2010G\u00e4nserndorf Mistelbach Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30221-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0720-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.11.1669"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1509458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.1.e73"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.165716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"WellsG SheaBJ O'ConnellD et al.The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta\u2010analyses;2013. 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