{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:19:17Z","timestamp":1788304757680,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to evaluate potential predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 patients presenting olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). Potential correlations were sought between epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients and the persistence of OD at 60\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 positive patients presenting OD were prospectively recruited from three European hospitals. Baseline clinical and olfactory evaluations were performed within the first 2\u00a0weeks after OD onset and repeated at 30 and 60\u00a0days. In a subgroup of patients, anti\u2010severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) antibodies were measured in serum, saliva and nasal secretions at 60\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 288 COVID\u201019 patients with OD were included in the study. Two weeks after the onset of the loss of smell, 52.4% of patients had OD on psychophysical tests, including 113 cases (39.2%) of anosmia and 38 cases (13.2%) of hyposmia. At 60\u2010day follow\u2010up, 25.4% of the patients presented persistent OD. There was no significant correlation between sex, age, viral load on nasopharyngeal swab or COVID\u201019 severity and poor olfactory outcome. In a subgroup of 63 patients, it was demonstrated that patients with poor olfactory outcomes at 60\u00a0days had lower levels of salivary and nasal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1, but similar levels of antibodies in the serum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No clinical markers predicted the evolution of OD at 60\u00a0days. Patients with poor olfactory outcome at 60\u00a0days had lower saliva and nasal antibodies, suggesting a role for local immune responses in the persistence of COVID\u201019 related OD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T18:36:21Z","timestamp":1624386981000},"page":"3702-3711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3655-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Saussez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngological Societies (YO\u2010IFOS) Paris 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