{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:48:08Z","timestamp":1785322088628,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinically relevant anxiety and anxiety disorders are commonly associated with adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia, contributing substantially to quality\u2010of\u2010life impairment in patients with this movement disorder. However, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders in adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia remains unclear. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms\/disorders in adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety disorders determined through diagnostic interviews or from clinically relevant anxiety symptoms detected with rating scales were identified in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO). The gray literature was also examined to detect studies not captured through the search strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search strategy yielded 6535 citations; 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of clinically relevant anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders for cervical dystonia was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20% to 60%); for studies examining cranial dystonia it was 25% (95% CI 21% to 30%); for studies exploring mixed populations of adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia it was 33.3% (95% CI 22% to 43%), 26% (95% CI 12% to 40%) for laryngeal dystonia, and 32% (95% CI 21% to 43%) for upper limb dystonia. Social phobia was the most prevalent anxiety disorder across the different forms of adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia. Between\u2010study statistical heterogeneity was high for most prevalence estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinically relevant anxiety and anxiety disorders are common across all forms of adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia. New research avenues should explore and plan the development of pathways of care targeting these important non\u2010motor features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T02:12:14Z","timestamp":1628302334000},"page":"4238-4250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The prevalence of anxiety in adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Medina Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre \u2010 North Tower Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10080488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171200147X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"WellsGAS O'ConnellD PetersonJ WelchV LososM TugwellP.The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta\u2010analyses[online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. Accessed March 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3258-72-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders SCID\u2010I: Clinician version, Scoresheet","author":"First MB","year":"1997"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM\u2010IV and ICD\u201010","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan DV","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000414022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-3719-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02235-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1253-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1990\/873983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00229-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2020.1790613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2232-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111868"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.15050","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ene.15050","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.15050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T22:05:55Z","timestamp":1692828355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.15050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.15050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.15050","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}