{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:39:26Z","timestamp":1787495966384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) constitutes a severe disease with increasing incidence, mostly in the context of immunosuppressive therapies. A detailed understanding of immune response in PML appears critical for the treatment strategy. The aim was a comprehensive immunoprofiling and radiological characterization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) defined PML variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All biopsy\u2010confirmed PML patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a015) treated in our department between January 2004 and July 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Data from MRI, histology as well as detailed clinical and outcome data were collected. The MRI\u2010defined variants of classical (cPML) and inflammatory (iPML) PML were discriminated based on the intensity of gadolinium enhancement. In these PML variants, intensity and localization (perivascular vs. parenchymal) of inflammation in MRI and histology as well as the cellular composition by immunohistochemistry were assessed. The size of the demyelinating lesions was correlated with immune cell infiltration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with MRI\u2010defined iPML showed a stronger intensity of inflammation with an increased lymphocyte infiltration on histological level. Also, iPML was characterized by a predominantly perivascular inflammation. However, cPML patients also demonstrated certain inflammatory tissue alterations. Infiltration of CD163\u2010positive microglia and macrophage (M\/M) subtypes correlated with PML lesion size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The non\u2010invasive MRI\u2010based discrimination of PML variants allows for an estimation of inflammatory tissue alterations, although exhibiting limitations in MRI\u2010defined cPML. The association of a distinct phagocytic M\/M subtype with the extent of demyelination might reflect disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T23:23:42Z","timestamp":1634253822000},"page":"543-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune profile and radiological characteristics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6626-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia S.","family":"Zeiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI) Frankfurt am Main 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