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Because an accurate prognosis is essential for decision\u2010making on patients' management, we analysed data from an international multicentre prospective cohort study to evaluate 2\u2010year mortality rate and bedside predictors of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled adult patients in prolonged vegetative state\/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS\/UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS) after traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury within 3\u00a0months postinjury. At enrolment, we collected demographic (age, sex), anamnestic (aetiology, time postinjury), clinical (Coma Recovery Scale\u2013Revised [CRS\u2010R], Disability Rating Scale, Nociception Coma Scale\u2013Revised), and neurophysiologic (electroencephalogram [EEG], somatosensory evoked and event\u2010related potentials) data. Patients were followed up to gather data on mortality up to 24\u00a0months postinjury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 143 traumatic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a055) and nontraumatic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a088) patients (VS\/UWS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a068, 19 females; MCS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a075, 22 females), 41 (28.7%) died within 24\u00a0months postinjury. Mortality rate was higher in VS\/UWS (42.6%) than in MCS (16%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Multivariate regression in VS\/UWS showed that significant predictors of mortality were older age and lower CRS\u2010R total score, whereas in MCS female sex and absence of alpha rhythm on EEG at study entry were significant predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated that a feasible multimodal assessment in the postacute phase can help clinicians to identify patients with pDoC at higher risk of mortality within 24\u00a0months after brain injury. This evidence can help clinicians and patients' families to navigate the complex clinical decision\u2010making process and promote an international standardization of prognostic procedures for patients with pDoC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T19:07:00Z","timestamp":1634670420000},"page":"390-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Risk factors for 2\u2010year mortality in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: An international multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6646-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Estraneo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Florence Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit Santa Maria della Piet\u00e0 General Hospital Nola Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3834-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Magliacano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Fiorenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Laboratory for the Multimodal Evaluation of Disorders of Consciousness Telese Terme Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2516-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Formisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Grippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthymios","family":"Angelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Cassol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurore","family":"Thibaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Gosseries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit E. 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