{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:13:20Z","timestamp":1790007200716,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based studies suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) vaccines may trigger immune\u2010mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) raising concerns for other autoimmune responses. The aim was to characterize neurological autoimmunity after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single\u2010centre prospective case study patients with neurological autoimmunity in temporal association (\u22646\u00a0weeks) with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations and without other triggers are reported. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected with a median follow\u2010up of 49\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the study period 232,603 inhabitants from the main catchment area of our hospital (Rhein\u2010Neckar\u2010Kreis, county) received SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations. Twenty\u2010one cases (new onset\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a017, flares\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04) diagnosed a median of 11\u00a0days (range 3\u201323) following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations (BNT162b2\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012, ChAdOx1\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08, mRNA\u20101273\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01) were identified. Cases included VITT with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03), central nervous system demyelinating diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08), inflammatory peripheral neuropathies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04), myositis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03), myasthenia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01), limbic encephalitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01) and giant cell arteritis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01). Patients were predominantly female (ratio 3.2:1) and the median age at diagnosis was 50\u00a0years (range 22\u201386). Therapy included administration of steroids (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a015), intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome or VITT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04), plasma exchange in cases unresponsive to steroids (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03) and anticoagulation in VITT. Outcomes were favourable with partial and complete remissions achieved in 71% and 24%, respectively. Two patients received their second vaccination without further aggravation of autoimmune symptoms under low\u2010dose immunosuppressants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study various neurological autoimmune disorders encountered following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations are characterized. Given the assumed low incidence and mostly favourable outcome of autoimmune responses, the benefits of vaccinations outweigh the comparatively small risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T17:59:36Z","timestamp":1634752776000},"page":"555-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Neurological autoimmune diseases following vaccinations against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5937-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon D.","family":"Kaulen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg University Heidelberg 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