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Over the last two decades, non\u2010invasive brain stimulation, especially transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has increasingly been used to modulate brain function in various physiological and pathological conditions. However, its experimental applications for people with MS were noted only as recently as 2010 and have been growing since then. The efficacy for use in people with MS remains questionable with the results of existing studies being largely conflicting. Hence, the aim of this review is to paint a picture of the current state of tDCS in MS research grounded on studies applying tDCS that have been done to date.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A keyword search was performed to retrieve articles from the earliest article identified until 14 February 2021 using a combination of the groups (1) \u2018multiple sclerosis\u2019, \u2018MS\u2019 and \u2018encephalomyelitis\u2019 and (2) \u2018tDCS\u2019 and \u2018transcranial direct current stimulation\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis of the 30 articles included in this review underlined inconsistent effects of tDCS on the motor symptoms of MS based on small sample sizes. However, tDCS showed promising benefits in ameliorating fatigue, pain and cognitive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcranial direct current stimulation is attractive as a non\u2010drug approach in ameliorating MS symptoms, where other treatment options remain limited. The development of protocols tailored to the individual's own neuroanatomy using high definition tDCS and the introduction of network mapping in the experimental designs might help to overcome the variability between studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T02:22:45Z","timestamp":1635819765000},"page":"648-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in people with multiple sclerosis: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shawn","family":"Hiew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carine","family":"Nguemeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537\u20102073.2012\u2010053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(16)30959\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910\u2010019\u20100997\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010015\u20107986\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517751049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1606468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/62329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d31dcf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181db9957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938\u2010017\u20100361\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8050081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2014.977301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102015\u2010311242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE\u2010161346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN\u2010130348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515587597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201054595\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FeinbergC ShawM&PalmeriMet al.Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (RS\u2010TDCS) paired with a hand exercise program to improve manual dexterity in progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized sham controlled trial (P5.6\u2010009).2019.https:\/\/n.neurology.org\/content\/92\/15_Supplement\/P5.6\u2010009. 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