{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:01:37Z","timestamp":1792069297790,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n Zika virus (\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) infection has been associated with\n Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9<\/jats:styled-content>\n syndrome (\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). However, little is known about the consequence of\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection on olfaction in humans.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Immediately before the\n COVID<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201019 outbreak, we prospectively investigated the olfactory capacities of 19 patients with\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010associated\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n from the French West Indies and compared them to nine controls from the same population, with\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n of similar severity but independent of ZIKV infection. To provide further evidence that\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection induces smell alteration, we investigated the consequences of\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection on olfactory abilities using a mouse model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with\n GBS\u2010ZIKA<\/jats:styled-content>\n + had poorer olfactory function than\n GBS\u2010non\u2010ZIKA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , even 1\u20132\u2009years after the acute phase. The proportion of patients with hyposmia was significantly higher in the\n GBS\u2010ZIKA<\/jats:styled-content>\n + than in the\n GBS\u2010non\u2010ZIKA<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (68.4% vs. 22.2%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u20090.042). These deficits were characterized by lower threshold and identification scores and were independent from\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n severity. Additionally,\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection was found to impair olfaction in immunodeficient mice infected with\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n . High viral load was observed in their olfactory system and downstream brain structures.\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n promoted both cellular damage in the olfactory neuroepithelium and protracted inflammation of the olfactory bulb, likely accounting for smell alteration.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n had poorer long\u2010term olfactory function than patients with\n GBS\u2010non\u2010ZIKA,<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010infected mice are hyposmic. These observations suggest that\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n belongs on the list of viruses affecting the olfactory system. Clinical evaluation of the olfactory system should be considered for\n ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010infected patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T08:15:50Z","timestamp":1655194550000},"page":"2823-2831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Olfactory outcomes in Zika virus\u2010associated\n Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9<\/scp>\n syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Lazarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perception and Memory Unit, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 3571, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Institut Pasteur Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Lannuzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Faculty of Medicine of the University of the West Indies, West Indies Guyana Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm CIC 1424, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Faculty of Medicine, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 1127, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225 Paris Brain Institute Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Cabi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Martinique University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of the West Indies, French West Indies French Guiana Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm CIC 1424, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Joint Research Unit 1058, University of Montpellier, French Blood Establishment University of the West Indies Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perception and Memory Unit, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 3571, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Institut Pasteur Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Madec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Institut Pasteur Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Chaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Faculty of Medicine of the University of the West Indies, West Indies Guyana Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm CIC 1424, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Faculty of Medicine, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 1127, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225 Paris Brain Institute Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Calmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French West Indies French Guiana Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm CIC Martinique University Hospital Center Fort\u2010de\u2010France France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Favrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perception and Memory Unit, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 3571, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Institut Pasteur Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Montagutelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Institut Pasteur Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Faculty of Medicine, U 1127, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, National Institute of Health and Medical Research AP\u2010HP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Marie","family":"Lledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perception and Memory Unit, National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 3571, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Institut Pasteur Paris 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