{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:21:11Z","timestamp":1781173271715,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WB1816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WB1816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002946","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WB1517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WB1517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002946","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WB2119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WB2119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002946","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Programmatic funding of the Institute of Aerospace"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programmatic funding of the Institute of Aerospace"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal studies suggest that exposure to severe ambient hypoxia for several days may have beneficial long\u2010term effects on neurodegenerative diseases. Because, the acute risks of exposing human beings to prolonged severe hypoxia on brain structure and function are uncertain, we conducted a pilot study in healthy persons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included two professional mountaineers (participants A and B) in a 35\u2010day study comprising an acclimatization period and 14 consecutive days with oxygen concentrations between 8% and 8.8%. They underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging at seven time points and a cognitive test battery covering a spectrum of cognitive domains at 27 time points. We analysed blood neuron specific enolase and neurofilament light chain levels before, during, and after hypoxia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In hypoxia, white matter volumes increased (maximum: A, 4.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9%; B, 4.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9%) whilst gray matter volumes (A, \u22121.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8%; B, \u22122.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9%) and cerebrospinal fluid volumes (A, \u22122.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4%; B, \u22125.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2%) decreased. Furthermore, the number (A, 11\u201317; B, 26\u2013126) and volumes (A, 140%; B, 285%) of white matter hyperintensities increased in hypoxia but had returned to baseline after a 3.5\u2010month recovery phase. Diffusion weighted imaging of the white matter indicated cytotoxic edema formation. We did not observe changes in cognitive performance or biochemical brain injury markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In highly selected healthy individuals, severe sustained normobaric hypoxia over 2\u2009weeks elicited reversible changes in brain morphology without clinically relevant changes in cognitive function or brain injury markers. The finding may pave the way for future translational studies assessing the therapeutic potential of hypoxia in neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T05:19:17Z","timestamp":1655788757000},"page":"3112-3116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain structure and neurocognitive function in two professional mountaineers during 35\u2009days of severe normobaric\u00a0hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sven\u2010Erik","family":"S\u00f6nksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine  Fuerstenfeldbruck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz  Koblenz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Basner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Aerospace Medicine  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Aerospace Medicine  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Aerospace Medicine  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Tank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Aerospace Medicine  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010J\u00fcrgen","family":"Nobl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine  Fuerstenfeldbruck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Akg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Neuroscience Neurological University Clinic Carl\u2010Gustav Carus  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjalf","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Neuroscience Neurological University Clinic Carl\u2010Gustav 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