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So, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NOD\u2010like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) and NOD\u2010like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation of blood cells and serum levels of cytokines in individuals with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were collected from 24 individuals with CID and 24 healthy volunteers. The inflammasome activation was evaluated using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction of NLRP1, NLRP3, apoptosis\u2010associated speck\u2010like protein containing a caspase\u2010recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase\u20101; western blot of NLRP1 and NLRP3; caspase\u20101 activity assay; and serum levels of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), IL\u201018 and other cytokines using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive oxygen species generation in blood cells were detected by flow cytometry assay. Also, magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5\u00a0T MRI whole\u2010body scanner using an eight\u2010channel head coil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased activity of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in blood cells, increased serum levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and decreased serum levels of IL\u201010 and transforming growth factor \u03b2 in individuals with CID were found. Significant correlation was observed between increased serum concentration of IL\u20101\u03b2 and the severity of insomnia in individuals with CID. The levels of reactive oxygen species in blood cells were found to be correlated with IL\u20101\u03b1 and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 concentrations in sera from individuals with CID. Moreover, the individuals with CID demonstrated increased right cerebellum cortex and lateral ventricle mean diffusivity bilaterally compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provided new insights on the pathogenesis of CID and the effects of cytokines on inflammasome activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T14:45:09Z","timestamp":1662043509000},"page":"3647-3657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<scp>Interleukin<\/scp>\u20101\u03b1 and <scp>tumor necrosis factor<\/scp> \u03b1 as an inducer for reactive\u2010oxygen\u2010species\u2010mediated NOD\u2010like receptor protein 1\/NOD\u2010like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation in mononuclear blood cells from individuals with chronic insomnia 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