{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:18:43Z","timestamp":1783606723674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to re\u2010evaluate risk factors for post\u2010ICH epilepsy (PICHE) and examine the impact of surgical hematoma evacuation on epilepsy development after\u00a0ICH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epilepsy is a common complication after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Information on risk factors is still scarce and the role of ICH evacuation remains uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively included patients with spontaneous ICH treated in our hospital in 2006\u20132019. Patients' medical records were analyzed. In addition, mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to complete the dataset. Uni\u2010 and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were applied to investigate risk factors for PICHE and the impact of surgical ICH evacuation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 587 ICH patients available for analyses, 139 (23.7%) developed PICHE (mean follow\u2010up 1795\u2009\u00b1\u20091378\u2009days). The median time of epilepsy onset was 7\u00a0months after ICH (range 1\u2013132\u2009months). Risk factors associated with PICHE were cortical hemorrhage (multivariable HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.14\u20132.37]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), ICH volume\u2009&gt;\u200910\u00a0ml (multivariable HR 1.91 [95% CI 1.33\u20132.73]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and acute symptomatic seizures (multivariable HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.20\u20132.75]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005). Patients with cortical ICH\u2009&gt;\u200910\u00a0ml who underwent surgical hematoma evacuation were less likely to develop epilepsy than those with conservative treatment alone (multivariable HR 0.26 [95% CI 0.08\u20130.84]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.025).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010ICH epilepsy is frequent and predicted by large cortical ICH and acute symptomatic seizures. Hematoma evacuation reduced the risk of PICHE by more than 70% in patients with large cortical ICH. This finding could be considered in the clinical decision making on the acute treatment of ICH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T13:10:01Z","timestamp":1664025001000},"page":"2099-2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surgical hematoma evacuation of cortical intracerebral hemorrhage \u226510\u00a0ml reduces risk of subsequent epilepsy by more than 70%: A retrospective monocenter study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7211-3934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara M.","family":"Welte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen 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Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Muehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"Doerfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joji\u00a0B.","family":"Kuramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology University of Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen 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